TMAZ nanoparticles as potential drugs influenzing the cellular signal transduction pathways

TMAZ, natural zeolite clinoptilolite with enhanced physicochemical properties, have been shown to possess antioxidant activity in humans. Modes of immunomodulation including superantigen-like action of ingested zeolite and perspectives of immunotherapeutic approaches for malignant and infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders are discussed. Accumulating evidence from preclinical studies and from first human data suggests significant immunomodulatory effects of oral zeolite administration which may be of benefit for augmentation of medical treatments for a variety of diseases dependent on immunological changes. TMAZ act as nonspecific immunostimulators similarly to superantigens (SAgs). SAgs bind as unprocessed proteins to particular motifs of the variable region of theβ-chain (Vβ) of T-cell receptor (TcR) outside the antigen-binding groove and to invariant regions of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). As a consequence, SAgs stimulate at nanoto picogram concentrations up to 10 to 30% of host T-cell repertoire while only one in 10-10 T cells (0.01-0.0001%) are activated upon conventional antigenic peptide binding to TcR. TMAZ can be used as an adjuvans or reborans in any standard therapy of malignant disease, with the aim to improve the general health condition of patients and help them to recover much easier and in a shorter period of time.